This is the American ICD-10-CM version of H35. 362. (SACRAMENTO) Ophthalmologists at UC Davis Health used an experimental gene therapy last month to treat a patient with wet age-related macular degeneration, or wet AMD. The code is valid during the current fiscal year for the submission of HIPAA-covered transactions from October 01, 2023 through September 30, 2024. of the disease, since several therapies exist that reduce vision loss once the advanced “wet” form of AMD occurs. Because this is a new code, geographic atrophy is included in VEHSS as a subgroup of dry-form AMD. (B) It shows the important structure of the retina in the macular area. 311. 0): 124 Other disorders of the. 07 mL of 114. 3122 is a valid billable ICD-10 diagnosis code for Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, left eye, intermediate dry stage . Get free rules, notes, crosswalks, synonyms, history for ICD-10 code H35. 20 is grouped within Diagnostic Related Group(s) (MS-DRG v 41. 3 became effective on October 1, 2023. These blood vessels leak blood and other bodily fluids that can cause damage to the macula via scarring. Toggle navigation. Other retinal disorders (H35) Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, left eye (H35. Go to: Continuing Education Activity Wet (exudative or neovascular) age-related macular. A retrospective study of 259 562 individuals based on registry data, from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2017. Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is an acquired degeneration of the retina that causes significant central visual impairment through a combination of non-neovascular ( drusen and retinal pigment epithelium abnormalities), and neovascular derangement (choroidal neovascular membrane formation). H 35. Source ICD-10-CM Code Target ICD-9-CM Code;. 518 - other international versions of ICD-10 Z83. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is considered a multifactorial disease, with environmental and genetic elements as the main risk factors []. 1, thousands of new and revised ICD-10 codes go into effect, including 368 that are relevant to ophthalmology. H44. To further refine the specific benefits of antioxidants, a randomized controlled clinical trial, Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2), was performed. 07 mL of 114. Search About 52 items found relating to macular degenerationDegenerative myopia with other maculopathy, left eye. The term geographic atrophy may be new even to those with macular degeneration because, until now, there was no treatment and little discussion between doctors and patients. They were originally approved for treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration (wARMD), their safety and effectiveness in the treatment of myopic CNV need to be. The loss of. ICD-9-CM 362. 500 results found. According to thorough estimates, 200 million people worldwide are estimated to have AMD, and by 2040, this number is projected to rise to. The code is valid during the fiscal year 2023 from October 01, 2022 through September 30, 2023 for the submission of HIPAA-covered transactions. Our retina specialist sees a patient for wet macular degeneration OU H35. Mayo Clinic is participating in this pivotal clinical trial, and we are pleased to offer this novel therapeutic to patients enrolled. For example: H35. More Information. H35. H35. 7%, and in. The macula forms part of the retina in the back of the eye and is responsible for central vision, color vision, and the fine details of. Takeaway. Macular degeneration causes blurry. Currently, you have two to choose from, depending on whether the patient suffers from nonexudative (dry) or exudative (wet) AMD: H35. 32. 32 X Macular cyst, hole, or pseudohole H35. 3192 may differ. Age-related macular degeneration is an acquired retinal disorder which is. [1] CNV can also develop in a number of other conditions such as myopic degeneration, chronic. 400 international units (IU) of vitamin E. 323 became effective on October 1, 2023. Undertreatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration after 10 years of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in the real. ARMD is associated with the presence of drusen, without visual loss early in the disease, and often progresses to retinal atrophy and central retinal degeneration with associated loss of central vision. Other ICD-10-CM Codes Commonly Used for Similar. Disorders of choroid and retina. 60. The symptoms and appearance of myopic macular degeneration can be similar to those of AMD seen in older adults. Gillies MC, Nguyen V, Daien V, et al. H35. H35. Neovascular AMD comprises 10% of all cases and can lead to devastating visual loss due to choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Wherever such. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease that causes damage in the macular region of the retina, leading to irreversible blindness. 3221 is a valid billable ICD-10 diagnosis code for Exudative age-related macular degeneration, left eye, with active choroidal neovascularization . Code History. Myopic macular degeneration is degeneration of the macula that is a complication of pathological myopia. This was the first year ICD-10-CM was implemented into the HIPAA code set. 3134 [convert to ICD-9-CM] Nonexudative age - related macular degeneration, bilateral, advanced atrophic with subfoveal involvement. Preparation. Tip 3—vitreous detachment. 52 Exudative AMD – H35. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code H31. The following code (s) above H35. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of H35. The code is not specific and is NOT valid for the year 2024 for the submission of HIPAA-covered transactions. Degenerative myopia with other maculopathy, bilateral eye. 3132 is a valid billable ICD-10 diagnosis code for Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, bilateral, intermediate dry stage . equals No, proceed to check . ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code H35. 3113 is a billable diagnosis code used to specify a medical diagnosis of nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, right eye, advanced atrophic without subfoveal involvement. Neovascular (Wet) Age-Related Macular Degeneration (nAMD): The receommended dose for Eylea HD is 8 mg (0. ICD-10-CM Code. Showing 1-25: ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code H35. ICD-10 code H35. 2B1 may differ. The code is valid during the current fiscal year for the submission of HIPAA-covered transactions from October 01, 2023 through September 30, 2024. H35. 3232. 062A [convert to ICD-9-CM] Age -related osteoporosis with current pathological fracture, left lower leg, initial encounter for fracture. Other ICD-10-CM Codes Commonly Used for. Dry: If the patient suffers from nonexudative — otherwise known as dry, non. ”Technically, this is called CNV or. wet 362. H35. 30 is a billable diagnosis code used to specify a medical diagnosis of unspecified macular degeneration. 3111:. 3211 Exudative age-related macular degeneration, right eye, with active choroidal neovascularization H35. 68) and PDR vs. There are two types: wet and dry. This condition is due to a breakdown or thinning of the macula. Wet AMD happens when abnormal blood vessels grow under the macula. Exudative age-related macular degeneration. Dry: If the patient suffers from nonexudative – otherwise known as dry or atrophic – senile (age-related) macular degeneration, report ICD-9 code 362. Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is the most common, progressive disease that results in severe vision loss among individuals 50 years of age and older in high-income countries []. 30 is a billable diagnosis code used to specify a medical diagnosis of unspecified macular degeneration. Showing 1-25: ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code Z83. This was the first year ICD-10-CM was implemented into the HIPAA code set. Synonyms: bilateral cystoid macular degeneration of retinas, bilateral. Risk factors such as age, race, genetics, iris color, smoking, drinking,. H35. 3123. 321 may differ. Get free rules, notes, crosswalks, synonyms, history for ICD-10 code H35. The prevalence of. Wet age-related macular. About 80% (8 out of 10) of people who have AMD have the dry form. 323 contain annotation back-references that may be applicable to H35. 51) and exudative AMD (ICD-9-CM code 362. ICD-10-CM/PCS MS-DRG v39. 029. 518 became effective on October 1, 2023. On Oct. Y. Introduction. Degeneration of Macula and Posterior Pole Type RT LT OU SINGLE CODE UNSPECIFIED Nonexudative macular degeneration (dry) X X X H35. H35. 3210 is a valid billable ICD-10 diagnosis code for Exudative age-related macular degeneration, right eye, stage unspecified . Code History. ICD 10 code for Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration,. It is found in the 2023 version of the ICD-10 Clinical Modification (CM) and can be used in all HIPAA-covered transactions from Oct 01, 2022 - Sep 30, 2023 . The retina sends information to the brain to enable sight, with the macula enabling sharp, central vision. 2016 (effective. It’s an eye disease that damages cells in the central part of your retina called the macula. H35. 059: Retinal neovascularization, unspecified [associated with age-related macular degeneration] H35. People who have a certain form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) may benefit from a specific mix of vitamins and minerals. Wet age-related macular degeneration, the exudative form of the disease, can cause sudden blurriness to complete loss of central vision. 52; retina peripheral 362. injury (trauma) of eye and orbit ( S05. Macular degeneration (senile), unspecified. 323 : H00-H59. 31. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of H35. Unlike diabetes, the eye indicator is in the sixth position (see red numerals in Tables 3 and 4) and staging is in the seventh position (see. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of vision impairment and blindness in the United States, particularly in the elderly. 3112,. 31 ( Nonexudative senile macular degeneration ). H35. Late. 3220. Toggle navigation. Get free rules, notes, crosswalks, synonyms, history for ICD-10 code H35. 3212 - other international versions of ICD-10 H35. Wet age-related macular degeneration; H35. For such conditions, the ICD-10-CM has a coding convention that requires the underlying condition be sequenced first, if applicable, followed by the manifestation. Hobbs; Kristine Pierce. (A) A cross section of a normal human eye showing the location of the macula. 3132 in. Although only 15% of patients with AMD have the wet form, 80 to 90% of the severe vision loss caused by AMD results from. It is where you’ll find. 341 H35. 11. 1 Definitions Manual: Skip to content: MDC 02 Diseases and disorders of the eye: Assignment of Diagnosis Codes: Page 6 of 8:. Summary Osteoporosis was suggested to be associated with higher odds of age-related macular degeneration. The ICD-10 codes for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) involve both laterality and staging. Macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is an ocular disease caused by deterioration of the macula, the center of the retina that controls your visual acuity. 3211 may differ. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM H35. 2B1 contain annotation back-references that may be applicable to H44. 33) ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code H35. 312. Get free rules, notes, crosswalks, synonyms, history for ICD-10 code H35. It is found in the 2024 version of the ICD-10 Clinical Modification (CM) and can be used in all HIPAA-covered transactions from Oct 01, 2023 - Sep 30, 2024 . 59: Tuberculosis of eye: A51. 3 Although an estimated 80% of. Toxic maculopathy. Approximate Synonyms. 30. 3419 Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition with severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy with macular edema, unspecified eye E08. Get free rules, notes, crosswalks, synonyms, history for ICD-10 code H35. However, reactivation can occur resulting in further worsening of patients. In the “wet” type of macular degeneration, abnormal blood vessels (known as choroidal neovascularization or CNV) grow under the retina and macula. Cohen SY, Mimoun G, Oubraham H, Zourdani A, Malbrel C, Queré S, et al. 30: Unspecified macular degeneration [age-related] H35. 3132 in processing claims. There is currently no cure for the most common form of macular degeneration. The risk of dry and wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) based on fasting glucose levels and disease duration of type 2 diabetes was investigated. Wet AMD damages the macula quickly. 3191 is a billable diagnosis code used to specify a medical diagnosis of nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, unspecified eye, early dry stage. Other retinal disorders (H35) Unspecified macular degeneration (H35. for ICD-10 C hapter 7 of ICD-10 focuses on diseases of the eye and adnexa. The above description is abbreviated. 313 ICD-10 code H35. 10 1. 3114. Because of fluid buildup, a bulge forms in your macula. 30: Unspecified macular degeneration [Geographic atrophy] H35. The code is not specific and is NOT valid for the year 2024 for the submission of HIPAA-covered transactions. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of H35. The code is valid during the current fiscal year for the submission of HIPAA-covered transactions from October 01, 2023 through September 30, 2024. control (HR 1. In wet macular degeneration, new blood vessels start growing underneath the retina as a reaction to the deposits. Your ophthalmologist will diagnose it as either dry or wet AMD. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code E08. 3210. The code is not specific and is NOT valid for the year 2024 for the submission of HIPAA-covered transactions. According to the AAO, if. Wet (exudative or neovascular): Wet AMD occurs in about 15% of people. 3120 - other international versions of ICD-10 H35. 31. 3111, H35. 3232 - other international versions of ICD-10 H35. Subscribe to Codify by AAPC and get the code details in a flash. Macular Oedema – the abnormal blood vessels leak fluid into the macula – the centre of the. New ICD-10 Codes for Diabetic Retinopathy and AMD O n Oct. 3110, H35. H35. This ar-ticle focuses on changes to the diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) codes. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of H35. H35. Geographic atrophy AMD includes ICD-10 codes approved after October 2018 indicating the advanced atrophic stage of dry-form AMD. About 85% of people with AMD have only dry AMD. The code is valid during the current fiscal year for the submission of HIPAA-covered transactions from October 01, 2023 through September 30, 2024. 10 mg of lutein. 3210 is a billable diagnosis code used to specify a medical diagnosis of exudative age-related macular degeneration, right eye, stage unspecified. It is a painless eye condition that 5 generally leads to the gradual impairment of vision, but can. 31. 3211. H35. Click here to learn more about the types of macular degeneration. 343 X H35. H35. AMD is a leading cause of blindness in people over the age of 60. ARMD is associated with the presence of drusen, without visual loss early in the disease, and often progresses to retinal atrophy and central retinal degeneration with associated loss of central vision. The Wisconsin Age-Related Maculopathy Grading System defined early AMD as the absence of signs of advanced AMD and the presence of (1) soft indistinct or reticular drusen or (2) hard distinct or soft distinct drusen with pigmentary abnormalities (RPE depigmentation or increased retinal pigment). In March 2016, the Centers for Disease Control released proposed ICD-10 changes for October 1, 2016. This is because wet age-related macular degeneration accounts for most patients with CNVM. Exudative age-related macular degeneration : ICD-10 codes not covered for indications listed in the CPB: H35. 3: degeneration of the macula and posterior pole of the retina) prior to 2011 when. The code is valid during the current fiscal year for the submission of HIPAA-covered transactions from October 01, 2023 through September 30, 2024. 3231 is a valid billable ICD-10 diagnosis code for Exudative age-related macular degeneration, bilateral, with active choroidal neovascularization . H35 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code H35 Other retinal disorders 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021. This population-based longitudinal follow-up study showed an increased risk of age-related. From macular degeneration diagnosis, to losing sight, to new ways of living and hope for the future – five patients share their stories, their vulnerabilities, and the wisdom they’ve gained. Wet AMD happens when abnormal blood vessels grow under the macula. Get free rules, notes, crosswalks, synonyms, history for ICD-10 code H35. Exudative age-related macular degeneration, left eye. ICD 10 code for Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, bilateral, stage unspecified. This powerful, 48-minute documentary features people living with vision loss from macular degeneration, and special expert guests. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease that impacts the central area of the retina in the eye, called the macula. 3192 - other international versions of ICD-10 H35. 6 Due to the aging population, this estimate is expected to reach 5. Exudative age-related macular degeneration ICD-10-CM H35. Degeneration of Macula and Posterior Pole Type RT LT OU SINGLE CODE UNSPECIFIED Nonexudative macular degeneration (dry) X X X H35. Available for iPhone, iPad, Android, and Web. “Exudative” is a term that refers to how the fluids ooze. Correct staging enables more accurate characterization, which is important for. Geographic atrophy (GA) is one of two kinds of advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Do we link the bilateral ICD-10 to the injection code and drug even though. 3221 - Exudative age-related macular degeneration, left eye, with active choroidal neovascularization. In addition to code changes, some tabular instructions were revised to provide clarity. 3212. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of H35 - other international versions of ICD-10 H35 may differ. 323. H35. 3 - other international versions of ICD-10 H35. 321 Exudative age-related macular degeneration, right eye H35. Get free rules, notes, crosswalks, synonyms, history for ICD-10 code H35. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of H35. Exudative age-related macular degeneration, unspecified eye, with inactive choroidal neovascularization H35. H35. 30. In this article: The two types of AMD. Exudative age-related macular degeneration H00-H59 2024 ICD-10-CM Range H00-H59 Diseases of the eye and adnexa Note Use an external cause code following the code. 3210 Exudative age-related macular degeneration, right eye, stage unspecified H35. 3230 is a billable diagnosis code used to specify a medical diagnosis of exudative age-related macular degeneration, bilateral, stage unspecified. However, reactivation can occur resulting in further worsening of patients. 3211. Wet. Proceeds support the mission of The American Macular Degeneration Foundation. (3) Some early manifestations of the disease are sub- clinical and might not even be visible when examining a person’s retina. H35. Ghazala O'Keefe, MD. ) THE A, D, AND S 7TH CHARACTER CODES By Kierstan Boyd. Quality ID #14 (NQF 0087): Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD): Dilated Macular Examination. Wet age-related macular degeneration; H35. 31 may differ. When using code H35. 2B1 - other international versions of ICD-10 H44. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in elderly people, primarily due to the macular neovascularisation (MNV) and atrophy that can occur during the disease [1, 2]. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM H35. 30 is a valid billable ICD-10 diagnosis code for Unspecified macular degeneration . Yet regardless of the type, for most people the decline in vision unfolds gradually over five. 363 is a billable diagnosis code used to specify drusen (degenerative) of macula, bilateral. Wet age-related macular. Below are commonly used Macular. Examine the other eye. Get free rules, notes, crosswalks, synonyms, history for ICD-10 code H35. Age-rel osteopor w current path fracture, l low leg, init; Left fibula fracture due to osteoporosis; Left tibia (shin bone) fracture due to osteoporosis; Osteoporotic fracture of. ICD-10-CM=International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification; LT=left; NDC=National Drug Code; RT=right. . It is a disease that destroys your sharp, central vision. In industrialized countries, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in adults older than 60 years of age. It is found in the 2024 version of the ICD-10 Clinical Modification. It is a common manifestation in both dry and wet types of age-related macular degeneration. ICD-10-CM Code for Exudative age-related macular degeneration, unspecified eye, with active choroidal neovascularization H35. 39-)Ag e-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the third leading cause of blindness worldwide and the leading cause of legal blindness among people aged 65 years and older in the United States. 3212. Short description: Type 2 diabetes w unsp diabetic retinopathy w macular edema The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM E11. I would encourage you to be evaluated by your ophthalmologist to try to identify the cause of the new onset of floaters. The macula is the part of the retina that gives the eye clear vision in the direct line of sight. Synonyms: bilateral drusen of maculae, drusen of left macula, drusen. For such conditions, the ICD-10-CM has a coding convention that requires the underlying condition be sequenced first, if applicable, followed by the manifestation. According to a study published by the National Center for Biotechnological Information, about 1 to 3 people out of 100 with small drusen have vision loss within the first five years of diagnosis and 50% of. injury (trauma) of eye and orbit ( S05. 2015 Nov;31(11):2031-42. H35. Macular Degeneration, a common eye condition affecting the macula in the retina, can be classified using specific ICD-10 codes. Wherever such. 351 - other international versions of ICD-10 H35. No active wet ARMD (no sign of active CNV in either eye); and;Physicians have traditionally recognized 2 types of macular degeneration: dry and wet. Nov. It is found in the 2022 version of the ICD-10 Clinical Modification (CM) and can be used in all HIPAA-covered transactions from Oct 01, 2021 - Sep 30, 2022 . 3130 may differ. Subjects < 45 years of age (n = 1940,657) diagnosed with AMD based on ICD-10 codes (H35. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of H35. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical outcomes of 10 patients with disciform scars from age-related macular. related macular degeneration or H35. But MMD starts at a much earlier age. The code is valid during the current fiscal year for the submission of HIPAA-covered transactions from October 01, 2023 through September 30, 2024. End-point event was the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 diagnosis for wet AMD. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in adults 60 years and older in the industrialized world. 30. 322 - other international versions. Atrophic age-related macular degeneration. 321 Exudative age-related macular degeneration, right eye H35. 719Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is the most common cause of irreversible vision loss in the developed world. Several decades ago, the most common terms that were applied, which were based on clinical appearance, were senile maculopathy 1 or senile macular degeneration. 322 should not be used for reimbursement purposes as there are multiple codes below it that contain a greater level of detail. 32. Degenerative pathology affecting the macular retina of older people has been recognized over the centuries. Because this is a new code, geographic atrophy is included in VEHSS as a subgroup of dry-form AMD. 3211 - other international versions of ICD-10 H35. It is found in the 2022 version of the ICD-10 Clinical Modification (CM) and can be used in all HIPAA-covered transactions from Oct 01, 2021 - Sep 30, 2022 . When using code H35. Short description: Exdtve age-rel mclr degn, left. ICD-10-CM Codes. 3230 is grouped within Diagnostic Related Group (s) (MS-DRG v41. Gopinath B. Dry Macular Degeneration. Get free rules, notes, crosswalks, synonyms, history for ICD-10 code H35. With the severe form of AMD (either wet or dry AMD), the patient’s central vision may decrease to less than 20/200 in both eyes. H35. 1, 2015. Unspecified macular degeneration H00-H59 2024 ICD-10-CM Range H00-H59 Diseases of the eye and adnexa Note Use an external cause code following the code. 32 Exudative age-related macular degeneration; Disease. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of H35. Future comprehensive clinical care depends on identifying new therapeutic targets and adopting. 321 Exudative age-related macular degeneration, right eye H35. The code is valid during the current fiscal year for the submission of HIPAA-covered transactions from October 01, 2023 through September 30, 2024. The seventh character, the stage, of the ICD-10 code for wet AMD will be 0-3. 2B1 became effective on October 1, 2023. Exudative age-related macular degeneration, unspecified eye, with inactive choroidal neovascularization: H353293: Exudative age-related macular degeneration, unspecified eye, with inactive. 3221 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. MeSH. This study determined that oral supplementation with macular xanthophylls (lutein at 10 mg/d plus zeaxanthin at 2 mg/d) was superior to lutein alone at slowing dry AMD progression, while. 3231 and only injects the right eye. 711 H35. ” Three often-cited examples are: • Open angle glaucoma codes that have no right eye/left eye designation but have a “staging” designation. H35. 2015. 30 : H00-H59. ICD 10 code for Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, left eye, intermediate dry stage. 3233. 3121. Characterized by drusen formation, macular pigmentary changes, geographic atrophy, and neovascularization of the choriocapillaris with exudation. Practices can expect claim denials if unspecified codes continue to be used. Wet-Age Related Macular Degeneration (wet AMD) TYPE CODE DESCRIPTION Diagnosis: ICD-10-CM H35. 32 X Macular cyst, hole, or pseudohole H35. 322. ICD-9: 362. Get free rules, notes, crosswalks, synonyms, history for ICD-10 code H35. ICD-10-CM:. ICD-10. 712 H35. HTRA1 promoter polymorphism in wet age-related macular degeneration. 3210 Exudative age-related macular degeneration, right eye, stage unspecified H35. The AAO suggests that cataract surgery will not affect. Central vision becomes washed out and loses detail, and straight lines may appear wavy. Author Information and Affiliations Last Update: November 7, 2022. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Codes that Support Coverage Criteria ICD-10-CM Code Description H35. Exudative age-related macular degeneration: ICD-10 codes not covered for indications listed in the CPB (not all-inclusive): A18. 32x Exudative age-related macular degeneration Reviews, Revisions, and Approvals Date Approval Date Policy adopted from Health Net NMP283 Neovascular (Wet) Macular Degeneration Treatment 11/16 Reviewed – no changes 11/17 11/17 The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM H35. 3211 Exudative age-related macular degeneration, right eye, with active choroidal neovascularization H35. 322 became effective on October 1, 2023. This fluid causes the macula to swell and thicken, which distorts vision. 322 - other international versions of.